Daoist ethics vary depending on the particular school, but they generally tend to emphasize virtues like: " non-action" ( 无为 無為 wúwéi), " naturalness" or "spontaneity" ( 自然 zìrán), " simplicity" ( 朴 樸 pǔ), and the three treasures: compassion ( 慈 cí), frugality ( 俭 儉 jiǎn) and humility ( 不敢为天下先 不敢爲天下先 bù gǎn wèi tiānxià xiān). Common aims include becoming one with the natural flow of the Dao, longevity, becoming a sage ( zhenren) and even an immortal ( xian). The Daodejing and the Zhuangzi are widely considered key Daoist texts.ĭaoism includes various self-cultivation methods, including meditation, internal alchemy, and various rituals. The Dao is generally defined as the source of everything and the ultimate principle underlying reality. Taoism ( / ˈ t aʊ ɪ z əm/ ( listen) or / ˈ d aʊ ɪ z əm/ ( listen) Wade-Giles) or Daoism ( / ˈ d aʊ ɪ z əm/ Pinyin) refers to a set of Chinese traditions and religions which emphasize living in harmony with the Dao ( Chinese: 道 pinyin: Dào lit.
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